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West Virginia

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West Virginia (/ WST vrdnj / (helpinfo)) is a state in the Appalachian and Mid-Atlantic regions of the States Together, surrounded by Virginia to the southeast, southwest Kentucky, Ohio, to the northwest, and Pennsylvania and Maryland, to the northeast. The capital and largest city is Charleston.
West Virginia became a state according to Wheeling Conventions, breaking away from Virginia during the American Civil War. The new state was admitted to the Union on 20 June 1863, and was the key to the Civil War border states. West Virginia was the only state formed by the secession of the Confederate States, and was one of the two states formed during the American Civil War (the other is Nevada, which separated from Utah Territory).
The Census Bureau considers West Virginia part of the South, as most the state is south of the Mason-Dixon line. The peninsula extends north along Pennsylvania and Ohio, West Virginia cities of Wheeling and Weirton is right across the border of the Pittsburgh metropolitan area, while Bluefields is less than 70 miles of North Carolina and Harper's Ferry is considered a part of Washington metropolitan area. The unique position of West Virginia, which is often included in a wide variety of geographic regions, including the highlands to the south, southeastern United States and even the northeastern United States. In particular, it is the only state that lies entirely within the area served by the Regional Commission Appalachian, which is a common definition of "Appalachia."
The state is known for its mountains and varied topography, historic mining industries significant logging and coal, and its political and labor history. It is one of the most densely karst in the world, making it an area of choice for recreational caving and scientific research. The karst land contribute to much of the state of fresh trout waters. It is also known for a wide range opportunities for outdoor recreation, including skiing, rafting, fishing, hiking, mountain biking and hunting.
Content
1 Geography and environment
1.1 Climate
2 History
2.1 Prehistory
2.2 European exploration and settlement
2.3 Trans-Allegheny Virginia
2.4 The separation of Virginia
2.5 Hidden resources
3 Demographics
Religion 3.1
4 Economy
5 Transport
6 Law and government
6.1 Legislative Branch
6.2 Executive
6.3 Judiciary
6.4 Policies
7 Statement of capital
8 cities and towns
8.1 The big cities
8.2 Towns and small towns
8.3 Metropolitan Statistical Areas
8.4 Micropolitan Statistical Areas
9 Education
9.1 Colleges and universities
10 Awards
11 Culture
11.1 Music
11.1.1 Appalachian music
11.1.2 Classical music
11.1.3 musical innovation
11.2 Sports
11.3 In popular culture
12 See also
13 References
14 Read more
15 External links
/ /
Geography and environment
Shaded relief map of Cumberland Plateau and Appalachian Ridge and Valley.
The summit of Spruce Knob is often covered by clouds.
Main article: Geography West Virginia
See also: List of counties in West Virginia and West Virginia List of municipal
West Virginia is bordered by Georgia north of Ohio, to the north and west, western Kentucky, and Maryland to the north and east, and Virginia east and south. Ohio and Potomac rivers form part of the border.
West Virginia is located entirely within the Appalachian range and all areas are mountainous, therefore, is nicknamed The Mountain State also is partly the reason why their slogan is "mountaineers are always free." About 75% of the state is within the Cumberland Plateau and Allegheny Plateau regions. Although the relief is not high, the plateau region is very robust in most areas. The West Virginia average altitude is about 1,500 feet (460 m) above sea level, which is the highest of any U.S. state east of the Mississippi River.
In the eastern state line of Virginia, high peaks in the region Monongahela National Forest lead to an island of colder climate and ecosystems similar to those of northern New England and eastern Canada. The state's highest point is the top of Spruce Knob, at 4,863 feet (1,482 m) is covered in a dense boreal forest of pine trees at altitudes above 4,000 feet (1,200 m). Spruce Knob is within the Monongahela National Forest and is part of the Spruce Knob-Seneca Rocks National Recreation Area. A total of six wilderness areas can be found within the forest. Outside forests to the south, the New River Gorge is 1,000 feet (300 m) deep canyon carved by the New River. The National Park Service manages a portion of the creek and river that has been designated as the New River Gorge National River, one of 15 rivers in the U.S. with this level of protection.
Other areas under protection and management are:
Appalachian National Scenic Trail
Bluestone National Scenic River
Canaan Valley National Wildlife Refuge
Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park
National Recreation Area Gauley River
George Washington National Forest
Harpers Ferry Historical Park National
Ohio River Islands National Wildlife Refuge
Map of West Virginia counties
The native vegetation of most of the state was originally wood mixed forest of oak, chestnut, maple, beech and white pine, with willow and American sycamore along the state's waterways. Many of the areas rich biodiversity and scenic beauty, a fact that is appreciated by native West Virginia, which refer to their home as Almost Heaven (from the song "Take Me Home, Country Roads ") despite the geography John Denver just seems to West Virginia. Before the song was called" The State Cog "(coal, oil and gas) or "The Mountain State." Ecologically, the majority of West Virginia is divided into mixed forests of the Appalachians ecoregion mesophyll.
The underlying rock strata are of sandstone, shale beds, bituminous coal, and limestone set in a near coastal sediments from the mountains to the east in a shallow inland sea in the west. Some beds illustrate a coastal environment of marsh, a river delta, some shallow water. The sea level rose and fell many times during the times of Mississippi and Pennsylvania, giving a variety of rock strata. The Appalachian Mountains are some of the oldest on earth, which was formed over 300 million years.
Weather
More information: Climate change in West Virginia
The climate of Virginia West is a humid subtropical climate (Koppen climate classification Cfa) in some of the lower elevations, primarily in the southwestern portion of state (including Huntington and Charleston), along with parts of the Eastern Panhandle east of the Appalachians with hot, humid summers and mild winters. The rest of the state generally has a humid continental climate (Koppen climate classification Dfa, except Dfb in the higher elevations) with warm to hot water and humid summer and cool to cold winters, the increase in severity with elevation. Some southern highlands also have a mountain temperate climate (Koppen CFB) where winter temperatures are more moderate summer temperatures are somewhat cooler. However, the weather is subject in all parts of the state in return. The areas of resistance ranging from 5b area in the center of the Appalachian Mountains in the area 7 in the hottest parts of the lower elevations. In the northwest of the East and the Ohio river temperatures Valley are hot enough to see and grow subtropical plants such as the Southern magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora), Crepe Myrtle, Albizia julibrissin, sweetgum American and even the occasional needle palm and sabal minor. These plants do not thrive as well as in other parts of the state. Eastern prickly pear grows well in many parts of the state.
January average temperatures range from about 26F (-4C) near the Cheat River to 41F (5C) sections along the border with Kentucky. July averages range of 67F (19C) along the North Branch Potomac River at 76F (24C) in the western part of the state. It is cooler in the mountains in the lower parts of the state.
Annual precipitation ranges from less than 32 inches (81 cm) in the bottom of this more than 56 inches (140 cm) in the upper parts of the Allegheny Front. Slightly half of the precipitation occurs between April and September. Dense fogs are common in many valleys of the Kanawha section, especially the Tygart Valley. West Virginia is also one of the sunny states in the nation, with the cities of Beckley Elkins and 9 classification. and 10. in the U.S., respectively, for the number of cloudy days per year (over 210). In addition to the persistence of cloudy skies caused by the damming of moisture by the Allegheny, West Virginia also experience some of the most frequent rainfall in the country, snowshoe average of almost 200 days a year, either with rain or snow. Snow usually lasts only a few days in the lower sections but may persist for weeks on the mountain top. An average of 34 inches (86 cm) of snow falls each year in Charleston, although during the winter of 19951996 more than three times that amount decreased as several cities in the state set new records for snowfall. Average snowfall in the mountains of Allegheny may be up to 180 inches (460 cm) per year. Severe weather is somewhat less common in West Virginia than in most other eastern states, and is among the least prone to tornadoes states east of the Rocky Mountains.
The normal high temperature and low for several cities West Virginia
City
Jan
February
Mar
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Beckley
39/22
43/25
52/32
62/41
71/49
77/57
80/61
79/60
73/54
63/42
52/34
43/26
Charleston
43/24
47/27
57/34
67/42
75/50
82/58
85/63
84/62
77/55
67/43
56/35
47/28
Elkins
39/18
44/20
53/27
63/35
72/44
78/53
82/58
80/57
74/50
64/37
53/29
44/22
Huntington
41/24
46/28
56/36
67/44
75/53
82/61
85/65
84/64
77/57
66/45
55/37
45/29
History
Main article: History of West Virginia
The area was a favorite hunting ground of numerous Native American peoples before the arrival of European settlers. Many ancient mounds of man-made mound cultures constructor to survive, especially in the areas of Moundsville, South Charleston, and Romney. Although little is known about these peoples, the artifacts uncovered in these give evidence a complex, stratified culture that practiced metallurgy.
In more recent history of the area now occupied by West Virginia was contested territory, mainly Pennsylvania and Virginia. Some speculative land companies, such as the Vandalia Company, and later the Society of Ohio and Indiana company, tried to legitimize their land claims in parts of West Virginia and Kentucky, but failed. With the settlement of the Pennsylvania and Virginia border dispute which led to the creation Kentucky, Kentucky "were satisfied [...], and the inhabitants of a large part of West Virginia were grateful."
The state was originally part of the British colony of Virginia (1607-1776) and the western part of Virginia (1776-1863), whose population is sharply divided on the issue of secession from the Union and the separation of Virginia, formalized entry into the Union as a new state in 1863.
West Virginia's history has been profoundly affected by its mountainous terrain, numerous and extensive river valleys, and rich natural resources. These were all factors that drive its economy and styles of life of residents, and remain so today.
Prehistory
For more details on this topic, see Prehistoric West Virginia.
In a summary to quote Dr. Robert F. Maslowski, "Adena Indians used pipes for ceremonies. They were carved in stone and they were exceptional works of art. Pipes and consumption snuff was more common during the last prehistoric period. Were often made of mud and rather plain. "Nothing is known about Paleo-Indian homes and archaic in the Kanawha Valley, but archeologists have found evidence of forest and houses of ancient fortress. "Indians lived in huts made of woods … The forest Indians grew sunflowers, pumpkins, squash and seeds of various as lambsquarter may grass, barley sumpweed, pepper and a little water. " Fort lived much more ancient Indian square or rectangular houses … The ancient Indian fortress can be seen real farmers. They cultivated large fields around their villages. And has not grown as a seed variety, but focused on the cultivation of maize, beans, sunflowers, pumpkins, and many types of squash and pumpkin. Also increased domestic turkeys and keep dogs as pets. "
European exploration and settlement
More information: Vandalia (Colony) and Westsylvania
Thomas Lee, the first manager of the Ohio Company of Virginia.
In 1671, General Abraham Wood, under the direction of Royal Governor William Berkeley of the Virginia Colony, sent a party which discovered Kanawha Falls. In 1716, Governor Alexander Spotswood with about thirty horsemen made an incursion in what is now Pendleton County. John Van Meter, an Indian trader, penetrated into the northern part in 1725. The same year, German settlers from Pennsylvania founded New Mecklenburg Shepherdstown today in the Potomac River, and followed the others.
King Charles II of England, in 1661, awarded to a company of lords of the land between Potomac and Rappahannock rivers, known as the Northern Neck. The grant finally came into the possession of Thomas Fairfax, sixth Lord Fairfax of Cameron, and in 1746, was a stone emerged as the source of the North Branch Potomac River to mark the western boundary of the grant. A considerable part of this land was overseen by George Washington from 1748 and 1751. The diary kept by the inspector indicated that there were already many squatters, mainly of German origin, along the South Branch Potomac River. Christopher Gist, a surveyor in the service of the first Ohio Company, which consists primarily of Virginia, explored the country along the Ohio River north the mouth of the Kanawha River between 1751 and 1752. The company sought to have a fourteenth colony established with the name "Vandalia." Many settlers crossed mountain since 1750, but is hampered by American Indian resistance. Very few Native Americans lived permanently within current state, but the region was a common hunting ground, crossed by numerous trails. During the French and Indian War the British scattered settlements were destroyed almost.
In 1774, the Governor of the Crown of Virginia, John Murray, fourth Earl of Dunmore, led a force on the mountains, and a body of militia under the then Colonel Andrew Lewis is the Shawnee Indians in Hokoleskwa (or "corn stalk"), a blow during the Battle of Point Pleasant at the junction of the Kanawha and rivers Ohio. Native American attacks continued until after the American Revolutionary War. During the war, settlers in western Virginia were generally active Whigs and many served in the Continental Army, but Claypool's Rebellion of 17801781 where a group of men refused to pay taxes colonial war weariness showed in West Virginia.
Trans-Allegheny Virginia
For more details on this topic, see Virginia.
Social conditions in western Virginia were entirely different to the eastern part of the state. The population is not homogeneous, since a significant portion of immigration came through Pennsylvania and included Germans, Protestant Ulster-Scots, and settlers from the northern states. Counties in the east and south were settled mostly by residents of eastern Virginia. During the Revolution American movement to create a state beyond the Alleghanies was revived and a petition for the establishment of "Westsylvania" was submitted to Congress on the basis that the mountains made an almost insurmountable barrier in the east. The robust nature of the country made slavery unprofitable, and the only time that increased the social, political, economic and cultural (See Tuckahoe-Cohen) between the two sections of Virginia.
The convention which met in 1829 to form a new constitution for Virginia, against the protest of the counties beyond the mountains requires a title for the vote and gave counties slave the benefit of three-fifths of the population of slaves in the distribution of state representation in the U.S. House of Representatives. As a result, all counties beyond the Alleghenies except one voted against the Constitution, but through support of this.
The Virginia Constitutional Convention of 185,051, Reform Convention, addressed a number of issues important to West Virginia. The vote was extended to all white males over 21 years of age. The governor, lieutenant governor, the judiciary, sheriffs and other county officials should be elected by open vote. The composition of the General Assembly amended, the representation in the House of Delegates will be distributed based on white in the census of 1850, but the Senate was set arbitrarily, west of receiving twenty, and east and a half, the senators. This has been acceptable to the West with a provision requiring the General Assembly to redistribute the representation based on white 1865, or put the matter to a referendum. But this also gave himself a tax advantage by requiring a property tax on real and true value, except of slaves. Slaves under 12 years do not pay taxes, and the older slaves taxed at only $ 300, a fraction of its real value. Small Farmers, however, had all their property, animals and the land, taxed at full value. Despite the tax and the lack of internal improvements in the west, vote was 75,748 and 11,063 against the new Constitution, the most recent of the eastern counties, which did not like the commitments made by the West.
Separation of Virginia
See also: West Virginia American Civil War
Francis H. Pierpont, a leader in the Second Wheeling Convention
On October 24, 1861, voters in 41 counties voted overwhelmingly to form a new state, turnout was 34%. The name was later changed Kanawha to West Virginia.
West Virginia is the only state in the Union to secede from a confederate state, Virginia, during the American Civil War. In Richmond, April 17, 1861, the 49 delegates of the future state of West Virginia voted 17 in favor of the ordinance of secession, 30 against and 2 abstentions. Almost immediately after the vote to secede from the Union prevailed in the Virginia General Assembly, a mass meeting at Clarksburg recommended that each county in the northwest Virginia send delegates to a convention to meet in Wheeling on May 13, 1861. When this First Wheeling Convention met, 425 delegates from 25 provinces were present, although more than one third of the delegates from the northern Panhandle, but soon became divided feelings. Some delegates favored the formation a new state immediately, while others argued that, as Virginia's secession had not yet been approved by the referendum is necessary, such action constitute a revolution against the United States. It was decided that if the ordinance was adopted (of which there was little doubt), another convention including the members elected to the legislature to meet in Wheeling in June. In the election on May 23, 1861, secession was ratified by a majority in the state as a whole, but 34,677 in the western counties voted against and 19,121 voted for the ordinance.
The Second Wheeling Convention met as agreed on June 11 and stated that since the Secession Convention had been called without the consent of the people, all its acts were void, and all those who adhered to it had vacated their offices. The Wheeling Conventions, and delegates themselves were never actually elected by public vote to act on behalf of West Virginia. A law for the reorganization government was approved on 19 June. The next day Francis H. Pierpont was chosen by other delegates at the convention to be governor of Virginia, other officers were elected and the convention adjourned. The legislature comprises 103 members, 33 of whom had been elected to the Virginia General Assembly on 23 May. This number includes some hold-over Senators from 1859, and as such had left their offices to convene in Wheeling. The other members "were chosen more ome irregular mass meetings, others by the county commission, and others were apparently self-appointed "This irregular assembly met on 20 June and Unionists appointed to fill the remainder of the government offices, organized a rival state government and elected two U.S. senators who were recognized immediately by the federal government Washington, DC Therefore, there were two governments in the states of Virginia, one pledging allegiance to the United States and one to the Confederacy.
The Wheeling Convention, which had taken a recess until August 6 to reassemble on 20 August and called for a popular vote on the formation of a new state and for a convention to frame a constitution, whether the vote should be favorable. October 24, 1861 elections, 18,408 votes were cast for the new state and only 781 against. The honesty of these election results have questioned, as the Union army then occupied the area and the Union troops were stationed in many of the polls to prevent supporters Confederation of voting. The majority of affirmative votes came from 16 counties around the Northern Peninsula. More than 50,000 votes had been cast in the Ordinance Civil, but the vote on statehood gathered just over 19,000.
Statehood vote of October 24, 1861
In Ohio County, home Wheeling, only a quarter of registered voters cast votes. At the Constitutional Convention in November 1861, Mr. Lamb of Ohio County and Mr. Carskadon said that in Hampshire County, out of 195 votes only 39 were cast by citizens of the state, and the rest were cast illegally by Union soldiers. In most of what would become West Virginia, there was no vote at all two-thirds of the territory of West Virginia had voted for secession and county officials still loyal to Richmond. The record of votes of the counties in favor of secession were issued mostly elsewhere by Unionist refugees from these counties. Convention began on November 26, 1861, and completed its work on February 18, 1862, the instrument was ratified (18.162 and 514 against) on April 11, 1862.
Harpers Ferry (As it appears today) changed hands a dozen times during the U.S. Civil War and was presented by West Virginia.
On May 13 the state legislature the reorganization of the government approved the formation of the new state. The application for admission to the Union was made to Congress, and December 31, 1862, an enabling law, was approved by Pres. Abraham Lincoln admitting West Virginia, on the condition that a provision for the gradual abolition of slavery is embedded in its constitution. While many felt that the admission of West Virginia as a state was illegal and unconstitutional, Lincoln issued his opinion on the admission of West Virginia conclusion that "the body that agrees to the admission of West Virginia, the Virginia Legislature, and that its admission was therefore both appropriate and constitutional. The convention reconvened on February 12, 1863, and demand is met. The revised constitution was adopted on March 26, 1863, and April 20, 1863, Pres Lincoln issued a proclamation admitting the state at the end of 60 days (June 20, 1863). Meanwhile, officials for the new state were chosen and Governor Pierpont moved their capital to the Union occupied Alexandria, where he asserted his jurisdiction over all counties in Virginia within the Federal lines.
The question of the constitutionality the formation of the new state was brought before the Supreme Court of the United States as follows: Berkeley and Jefferson counties lying east of the mountains Potomac, in 1863, with the consent of the reorganized government of Virginia voted in favor of annexation to West Virginia. Many voters in the strongly pro-secession counties were absent in the Confederate Army in the vote and refused to acknowledge the transfer upon their return. The Virginia General Assembly repealed the act of secession and in 1866 filed suit against West Virginia, asking the court to declare the counties of Virginia that would have declared the admission of West Virginia as a state unconstitutional. Meanwhile, the March 10, 1866, Congress passed a joint resolution recognizing the transfer. The Supreme Court in 1870 decided for West Virginia.
During the American Civil War, West Virginia suffered comparatively little. the forces of George B. McClellan 's gained possession of most of the territory in the summer of 1861, culminating in the Battle of Rich Mountain, and Union control was never seriously threatened, despite the attempt by Robert E. Lee in the same year. In 1863, General John D. Imboden, with 5,000 Confederates, overran a considerable part of the state. Bands of guerrillas burned and plundered in some sections, and not completely suppressed until after the war. Eastern Panhandle counties were most affected by war, military control of the area several sometimes changing hands.
The area that became West Virginia actually delivered on an equal number of soldiers to the Federal and Confederate armies, 22,00025,000 about each. The government of Wheeling was considered necessary in 1865 to strip voting rights Confederates back to maintain control. James Ferguson, who proposed the bill, said that if approved would lose the election by 500 votes. The property of Confederates might also be confiscated and in 1866 a constitutional amendment disfranchising everyone who had given aid and comfort to the Confederacy was adopted. The addition of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution caused a reaction. The Democratic Party secured control in 1870 and in 1871, the constitutional reform of 1866 was repealed. The first steps toward this change had been taken, however, by Republicans in 1870. On 22 August 1872, an entirely new constitution was adopted.
From the reconstruction, and several decades later, the two battleground states of the new state of the debts of the government before the war in Virginia, which was mostly made to finance public infrastructure improvements such as canals, roads, and railroads under the Virginia Board of Public Works. Virginia, led by former Confederate General William Mahone, formed a political coalition based on this, the party matching Re. Although West Virginia's first constitution provides covering part of the debt of Virginia, Virginia initiated negotiations in 1870 were unsuccessful, and in 1871, Virginia funded two thirds of the debt and arbitrarily assigned the remainder West Virginia. The issue was finally resolved in 1915 when the Supreme Court of the United States had ruled that Virginia, West Virginia $ 12,393,929.50. The latest installment of this sum was paid in 1939.
Hidden resources
After Reconstruction, the new 35th state benefited from the development of its mineral resources more than any other economic activity.
saltpeter caves had been used along the Appalachians of ammunition, the border between West Virginia and Virginia includes saltpeter "Road", a series of limestone caves that contain rich deposits of calcium nitrate were issued and sold to the government. The road lay from Pendleton County to the western limit of the road in the town of Union, Monroe County. Almost half of these caves are located on the west side of Virginia, including organs Haynes Cave and Cave. In the late 18 th century, the mining of saltpeter in Haynes Cave found the bones of large animals in the tanks. These were sent by a local historian and the military frontier Colonel John Stuart Thomas Jefferson. The bones were named jeffersonii Megalonyx or large claw and became known as three-toed sloth of Jefferson. Was declared the official state fossil of West Virginia in 2008. The West Virginia State is the official rock bituminous coal, and the official state gemstone is silicified Mississippi Lithostrotionella fossil corals.
Limestone also produced a useful quarry industry, generally small, and softer, seams High in calcium were burned to produce industrial lime. This lime was used for agriculture and construction, for many years a particular part of railways C & O has limestone Clifton Forge, Virginia as an industrial flow.
salt mining has been underway since the 18th century, although he had played in largely by the time of the American Civil War, when the red salt Kanawha County was a valuable product of the first of the Confederation, and later Union forces. Later, more sophisticated sampling methods to restore West Virginia's role as a major salt producer.
However, in the second half Century 19, had an even greater treasure not yet developed, the bituminous coal. It would be much more fuel the industrial revolution in the U.S. and vapors of many of the world's navies.
Residents (both Native Americans and early European settlers) have long known of the underlying coal, and could be used for heating and fuel. However, for a long time, very small "personal" mines were the only practical development. After of war, with the new railway was a practical method to transport large quantities of coal to U.S. expansion and export markets. As anthracite mines in northwestern New Jersey and Pennsylvania began to play out during this same period, investors and entrepreneurs focused new interest in West Virginia. Geologists like Dr. David T. Ansted surveyed potential coal fields and mining projects invested in land and principles.
Termination Chesapeake and Ohio Railway (C & O) across the state to the new city of Huntington on the Ohio River in 1872 opened access to the New River Coal Field. Soon the C & O was building its huge coal pier at Newport News, Virginia, the great port of Hampton Roads. In 1881, the new owners based in Philadelphia of the old Atlantic, Mississippi and Ohio Railroad (AM & S), extending through southern Virginia at Norfolk, had sights clearly on the Mountain State, where the owners had large land holdings. His railroad was renamed Norfolk and Western (N & W), and a new city route iron was developed in Roanoke to handle planned expansion. After its new president Frederick J. Kimball and a small group traveled on horseback and saw firsthand the rich vein of bituminous coal that his wife named "Pocahontas", the N & W redirected its planned westward expansion to reach it. Soon, N & W was also shipping from new coal piers at Hampton Roads.
In 1889 in the southern part of the state, along the Norfolk and railway lines West, the important coal center of Bluefield, West Virginia was founded. The "capital" of the Pocahontas coalfield, this city will being the largest city in the southern part of the state for decades. It shares a sister city with the same name, Bluefield, Virginia.
In the northern part of state and elsewhere, the oldest Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (B & O) and other lines also expanded the opportunities for coal. The B & O developed coal piers in Baltimore and at several points in the Great Lakes. Other major rail carriers of coal were the Western Maryland Railway (WM), Southern Railway (SOU), and Louisville and Nashville Railroad (L & N).
Particularly notable was a newcomer, the Virginia Railway (VGN). In 1900, only a large area of the most rugged terrain of southern West Virginia was any distance from the existing railways and mining. Within this area west of the New River Coalfield in Raleigh and Wyoming Counties in the Gulf was sanitation coalfield, then promoted as the "Coalfield a billion dollars. "
A protg of Dr. Ansted was William Nelson Page (18541932), a civil engineer and manager of mining in Fayette County. The former governor William A. West Virginia MacCorkle described him as a man who knew the land, "as a farmer knows a field." From 1898, Page joined investors based in Europe and North to take advantage of the undeveloped area. They acquired large tracts of land in the area and the railway began in the waters page deep, a short line railroad was chartered for the section between C & O at its line along the Kanawha River and the N & W at Matoaka, a distance about 80 miles (130 km).
Although deep water plan must always have a competitive shipping market either by rail, leaders of the two major railroads did not appreciate the plan. In secret collusion, each declined to negotiate preferential rates with the site, nor an offer to buy its rail as there were many other short lines. However, if the C & O and N & W presidents thought they could kill the project page, had to demonstrate an error. One of the silent partner investors Page had enlisted was millionaire industrialist Henry Huttleston Rogers, a director of John D. Rockefeller 's Standard Oil Trust and a veteran in the development of natural resources, transportation. A teacher in the competition "War", Henry Rogers did not like to lose in their efforts and also had "Money."
Instead of giving up, Page (and Rogers) quietly planned and then built their tracks all the way east across Virginia, Rogers use of private fortune to finance the cost of $ 40 million. When the name of Virginia Railway (VGN) was completed in 1909, no fewer than three railroads sent increasing volumes of coal for export from Hampton Roads. West Virginia coal was also in great demand at the ports of the Great Lakes. The VGN and N & W in the final instance became part of modern Norfolk Southern system, and engineering VGN welfare issues of the 21st century continue to offer a favorable gradient to Hampton Roads.
As coal mining and work-related activities became a major employment in the state, there was considerable labor strife as working conditions, security issues and economic concerns arose. Even in the 21 st century, mining safety and environmental concerns are a challenge the state, where coal continues to power electricity-generating plants in many other states.
Coal is not the only valuable mineral found in West Virginia, the state was the site of the discovery in 1928 of 34.48 carats (6,896 g) Jones Diamond.
Demography
West Virginia population density map.
populations historical
Census
Pop
%
1790
55,873
1800
78,592
40.7%
1810
105,469
34.2%
1820
136,808
29.7%
1830
176,924
29.3%
1840
224,537
26.9%
1850
302,313
34.6%
1860
376,688
24.6%
1870
442,014
17.3%
1880
618,457
39.9%
1890
762,794
23.3%
1900
958,800
25.7%
1910
1,221,119
27.4%
1920
1,463,701
19.9%
1930
1,729,205
18.1%
1940
1,901,974
10.0%
1950
2,005,552
5.4%
1960
1,860,421
7.2%
1970
1,744,237
6.2%
1980
1,949,644
11.8%
1990
1,793,477
8.0%
2000
1,808,344
0.8%
2009 est.
1,819,777
0.6%
The center of the population of West Virginia is in Braxton County in the town of Gassaway.
Since 2005, Virginia Western has an estimated population of 1,816,856, representing an increase of 4,308 or 0.2% over the previous year and an increase of 8,506, 0.5% from the year 2000. This includes a natural decrease since the last census of 3,296 people (that is 108,292 births minus 111,588 deaths) and an increase in net migration of 14,209 people in the state. Immigration from outside the United States resulted in a net increase of 3,691 people, and migration within the country produced a net increase of 10,518 people.
Only 1.1% of state residents are foreign born, placing West Virginia last among the 50 states in that statistic. It also has the lowest percentage of residents who speak a language other than English at home (2.7%).
The five largest ancestry groups in West Virginia are: American (23.2%), Germany (17.2%), Ireland (13.5%), English (12%), Italian (4.8%).
A large number of people of German descent are present in the northeastern counties of the state.
5.6% of West Virginia's population were reported as under 5 years, 22.3% are under 18 years and 15.3% were 65 or older. Women constituted approximately 51.4% of the population.
There were 20,928 births in 2006. Of these, 19,757 (94.40% birth, 95.19% of the population) went to non-Hispanic whites. There were 22 births for American Indians (0.11% of births and 0.54% of the population), 177 births to Asians (0.85% of births and 0.68% of the population), 219 Hispanic births (1.05% of births and 0.88% of the population) and 753 births to blacks and other (3.60% of births and 3.56% of the population).
The state of Northern Panhandle and North-Central region feel an affinity for Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. In addition, the Eastern Panhandle feel a connection to the Washington, DC, in suburban Maryland and Virginia and southern West Virginia are often seen as Southerners. Finally, cities and farms along the mid-Ohio River have an appearance and culture somewhat similar to the Midwest.
Demographics of West Virginia (csv)
By race
White
Black
AIAN *
Asia
NHPI *
2000 (population total)
96.01%
3.49%
0.59%
0.66%
0.05%
2000 (Hispanic only)
0.63%
0.04%
0.02%
0.01%
0.01%
2005 (total population)
95.99%
3.56%
0.56%
0.69%
0.05%
2005 (Hispanic only)
0.80%
0.04%
0.02%
0.01%
0.01%
Growth 200.005 (total population)
0.46%
2.49%
-3.96%
5.57%
-2.80%
Growth 200 005 (non-Hispanic only)
0.28%
2.30%
-4.24%
5.96%
-0.52%
Growth 200 005 (Hispanic only)
27.74%
21.51%
5.56%
-20.22%
-16.67%
* IANA is American Indian or Alaska Native; NHPI is Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander
Religion
Responses to a 2001 survey clergy were the following:
Christian (75%)
Protestant (60%)
Baptist (30%)
Methodist (15%)
Other Protestant / General Protestant (15%)
Non-denominational Christian (7%)
Catholic Romana (8%)
Non-religious (13%)
A non-Christian religion (4%)
6% refused to answer.
Economy
Main article: West Virginia Economy
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, West Virginia is the third lowest in per capita, just above Arkansas and Mississippi. It also ranks last in median household income. The proportion of the adult population of West Virginia with a degree is the lowest in the U.S. 17.3%.
West Virginia's GDP was $ 55.6B in 2006, which was an increase of 0.6% over 2005. This makes the growth rate for the lowest state the second country, ahead of only Michigan. However, in 2008, West Virginia was one of four U.S. states to have a state budget surplus, it indicating the recovery of economic growth.
One of the major resources in West Virginia's economy is coal. According to the Energy Information Administration, West Virginia is a high coal producer in the United States, second only to Wyoming. West Virginia produces little oil and natural gas. Almost all electricity West Virginia is generated from coal-fired power plants. West Virginia produces a surplus of electricity and leads the nation in exports net interstate electricity. Farming is also practiced in West Virginia, but in a limited manner due to the mountainous terrain in much of the state.
Bituminous coal seam in southwestern West Virginia
West Virginia personal income tax is based on federal adjusted gross income (not taxable), as modified by certain issues in West Virginia law. Citizens pay taxes within five income brackets, ranging from 3.0 percent to 6.5 percent. The state of consumption tax raises sales by 6 percent. On January 1, 2004, the calculation of WV consumer sales tax has become a figure calculated from the support system and maintained at 6 percent for most goods (food goods are taxable at 3 percent). The tax calculation is done with the third decimal and rounded when the third decimal is five (005) or higher, and similarly rounded down if the third place is four (0004) or less. Under this method, sales a total of $ 0.08 and below would not have a sales tax associated with them.
Counties of West Virginia, administer and collect property taxes, although the rates of property tax rates to reflect the state government, county governments, school boards and county municipalities. Counties also may impose a hotel occupancy tax on lodging places not located within the city limits of any municipality levied the tax. Municipalities licenses and may impose gross receipts taxes on businesses located within city limits and a hotel occupancy tax on lodging places the city. Although the Department of Tax and Revenue plays a major role in the administration of this tax, less than half of 1 percent of property tax collected goes to state governments. The main beneficiaries of property tax are county boards of education. property taxes are paid to the sheriff of each 55 counties. Each county and municipality can impose its own rates of property taxes within the limits established by the Constitution of West Virginia. The West Virginia legislature sets the tax rate the county boards of education. This rate is used by all county boards of education statewide. No However, the total tax rate for county boards of education may differ from county to county because of excess levies. The Department of Tax and Revenue supervises and other assistance to counties and municipalities in its evaluation and determination of the tax rate. The total tax rate is a combination of the four tax levies State tax authorities: the state, county and municipal schools. This total tax rate varies for each of the four classes of property, which consists of properties personal, real and intangible. The property is assessed according to its use, location and value of 1 July. All property is re-evaluation every three years, adjustments Annual assessments are made of the property with a value change. West Virginia does not impose an inheritance tax. Due to the elimination of federal tax credit, tax West Virginia property is not imposed on the assets of people who died on 1 January 2005.
Transportation
A toll plaza West Virginia Turnpike.
The New River Gorge Bridge.
The Veterans Memorial Bridge, the new (Weirton-Steubenville Bridge) leads the U.S. 22 and is of similar design of the new bridge connecting Proctorville, Ohio (Ohio Route 7) in Huntington, West Virginia via U.S. 60.
Main article: Transportation in West Virginia
Roads are the backbone backbone of transportation systems in West Virginia, with more than 37,300 miles of public roads in the state. Airports, railways, rivers and fill modes commercial transport of West Virginia. commercial air transport is facilitated by airports in Charleston, Huntington, Morgantown, Beckley, Bluefield, Lewisburg, Bridgeport, Martinez, Wheeling, and Parkersburg. Cities like Charleston, Huntington, Clarksburg, Fairmont, Bluefield, and Logan have systems based public transit bus. Charleston also has a limited number of trams that run primarily through the center of the city. West Virginia University in Morgantown has the PRT (Personal rapid transit) system, the state only single rail public transport system. Developed by Boeing, the WVU School of Engineering and the Department Transportation, was a model for low-capacity light transport designed for small cities. It was also the model for the tram system at Disney World. The Recreational opportunities abound in the transport of West Virginia, including hiking trails, train routes, road ATV trails, whitewater river rafting, and two tourist railroads (Cass Scenic Railroad and the Potomac Eagle Scenic Railroad.)
West Virginia is crossed by several interstate highways. I-64 enters the state near White Sulphur Springs in the mountainous area to the east, and exits in western Kentucky, near Huntington. I-77 enters Virginia in the south, near Bluefields. It runs north past Parkersburg before it crosses into Ohio. I-64 and I-77 merge on a stretch of motorway toll highway known as West Virginia, in which construction began in 1952. It runs from just east of Charleston south to the exit of Princeton. I-68's western terminus is in Morgantown. From there it runs is in Maryland. In the terminal I-68 in Morgantown, meets I-79, which falls in Pennsylvania and extends to the status of the southern terminal in Charleston. I-70 runs through a brief West Virginia, across the northern peninsula through Wheeling. I-81 also briefly runs in West Virginia, through the Eastern Panhandle passing through Martinez.
As an interstate highway is being built that will eventually extend from the I-79 near Weston, WV at least Wardensville, WV. The western section is completed in Kerens, West Virginia, but it is incomplete since there Moorefield, WV. It is not certain that the road to continue this time last Wardensville the Virginia state line, and finally connect to the I-81 just south of Winchester, Virginia.
Rail lines in the state that used to be more frequent but many lines have been suspended due to increased car traffic. There are many old songs have become rail roads for recreational use, and the state is being attended by a few coal transport business lines and Amtrak. In 2006, Norfolk Southern, along with West Virginia and U.S. Government approved a plan to modify many of the rail tunnels in West Virginia, especially in the southern half of the state, to allow double-stacked cars (see transport intermodal freight). Hopefully this will also help boost economic growth to the southern half of the state.
Due to the nature of every mountain the state, West Virginia has several notable tunnels and bridges. The most famous is the New River Gorge Bridge, which was at once the longest steel bridge one arch in the world with a 3,031 feet (924 m) span. The bridge is also represented in the fourth state of West Virginia. Fort Steuben Bridge (Weirton-Steubenville Bridge) was in its time of construction of the three cable-stayed steel girder trusses in the United States. "The Veterans Memorial Bridge was designed to handle traffic from the Fort Steuben Bridge and its own traffic load "to quote the Daily Times newspaper Wierton. The 80-year-old Fort Steuben Bridge (Puente Weirton-Steubenville) was definitively closed on 8 January 2009.
In March 2008, the American State Litter Scorecard, presented at the American Management Society Public National Conference, West Virginia qualified as a state worse than the national level for the removal of trash and debris from roads and public properties. The state has an average mortality rate over the trash and debris caused by vehicle accidents, in fact, deer insurance claims frequency is higher in West Virginia, New York, New York and Virginia, according to a report from Erie Insurance for accidents at a single car.
Law & Government
Main article: Law and the government of West Virginia
West Virginia's capital and seat of government is the city of Charleston, located in the southwest of the state.
Legislative Branch
To more information: West Virginia Legislature
The West Virginia Legislature is bicameral, consisting of the House of Delegates and the Senate. It is the legislature of a city, meaning that legislative office is not a full-time occupation, but rather a part-time position. Consequently, legislators often are employed full time in their home community.
Generally, the legislature is in session for 60 days between January and early April. The last day of regular session ends in a bewildering fury of last minute legislation in order to meet a deadline imposed by the Constitution of midnight. During the rest of the year, monthly interim sessions are conducted in preparation for the regular session. Legislators also meet regularly to 'special' sessions when called by the governor.
Executive
Further information: List Governors of West Virginia
The governor, elected every four years on the same day as the U.S. presidential election, is sworn in January next.
The governors of West Virginia can serve two consecutive terms but must sit for a term before serving a third term in office.
Judicial branch
More information: Supreme Court of Appeals of West Virginia
West Virginia is one of the thirteen states that still do not have a death penalty.
For the purpose of courts of general jurisdiction, the state is divided into 31 judicial circuits. Each circuit is composed of one or more counties. Circuit judges are elected in partisan elections to serve eight year terms.
Highest court is the West Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals. The Supreme Court of Appeals of West Virginia is the busiest appellate court of its kind in the United States. West Virginia is one of 11 states with a single appellate court. The state constitution allows the creation of an intermediate court of appeals, but the legislature has not created one. The Supreme Court is composed of five Judges are elected in partisan elections to terms of 12 years.
West Virginia is a state Alcoholic Beverage Control. However, unlike most such states, does not operate retail outlets, having exited that business in 1990. It holds the monopoly on the wholesale distilled spirits only.
Policy
The West Virginia State Capitol.
Main article: Politics of West Virginia
Statewide, West Virginia policy are widely dominated by the Democratic Party, with Democrats currently holding the governorship, both Senate seats, two of the three House seats and both houses the state legislature. West Virginia also has a strong tradition of union membership.
Evangelical Christians made up 52 percent of voters the state in 2008. A survey in 2005 showed that 53 percent of West Virginia voters are in favor of life, the seventh highest in the country. In 2006, 16 percent favor gay marriage. In 2008, 58 percent favored withdrawing troops from Iraq, while only 32 percent wanted the troops remain. In fiscal policy in 2008, 52 percent said that raising taxes on the wealthiest individuals would benefit the economy, while 45 percent did not agreed.
Democratic politicians tend to be more conservative than the national party. Senator Robert Byrd opposes affirmative action and marriage same sex. Gov. Joe Manchin and Congressmen Alan Mollohan and Nick Rahall are pro-life on abortion. Although Junior Senator Jay Rockefeller and former governor still enjoys popularity in the state, having been reelected in 2008 with 63.7% of the vote despite his political views are well to the left of many of his colleagues around the state.
In the Republican landslide of 1988 was one of only ten states, and the only southern state (as defined by the U.S. Census), to give their electoral votes to Michael Dukakis, who was one of only six states to support Jimmy Carter by Ronald Reagan in 1980, and supported Bill Clinton by a wide margin in 1992 and 1996. Moreover, the state has trended increasingly Republican in presidential elections, despite previous Democratic presidential victories in clashes above, narrowly elected George W. Bush over Al Gore in 2000, then reelected George W. Bush by a much larger margin in 2004 and voted for John McCain in 2008 by a margin unchanged from 2004.
The most consistent support for Democrats is in the coal mines of southern West Virginia (especially McDowell, Mingo, Logan, Wyoming, and Boone Counties), while Republicans are more numerous in the east of the Allegheny Mountains, especially in the eastern Panhandle of the state and land highest in the Potomac. The Northern Panhandle and North Central West Virginia regions usually split down the middle in terms of being Republican or Democrat. Since 1996, the interests of coal have contributed more than $ 4 million to candidates for governor, the Supreme Court and the Legislature of West Virginia. The 2004 election was a record-setter for coal industry. Gov. Joe Manchin received $ 571,214 from coal interests for his campaign and $ 174,500 for his inauguration. West Virginia Coal, the political action committee of the Coal Association of West Virginia, contributed more money than any other coal industry donor.
For more information: Power of Political Parties in West Virginia
State capital
Originally, the state capital was in Wheeling (1863-1870). Then moved to Charleston, a more central city (from 1870 to 1875). However, it was returned to Wheeling in 1875, until the capital was burned in 1885. He moved to Charleston in 1885, and has been there ever since.
Important cities and towns
See also: List of cities in West Virginia, List Cities in West Virginia, the list of towns in West Virginia, the list of census-designated places in West Virginia
Charleston is the largest city in Virginia Western
Huntington
Parkersburg
Morgantown
Wheeling
Large cities
Charleston, 53.421 (2008 estimate: 50,302)
Huntington, 51,475 (2008 estimate: 49,185)
Parkersburg, 33,099 (2008 estimate: 31,611)
Morgantown, 26,809 (2008 estimate: 29,642)
Wheeling, 31,419 (2008 estimate: 28,913)
Fairmont, 19,097 (2008 estimate: 19,024)
Weirton, 20,411 (2008 estimate: 18,748)
Martinez, 14,972 (2008 estimate: 17,020)
Beckley, 17,254 (2008 estimate: 16,832)
Clarksburg, 16,743 (2008 estimate: 16,441)
South Charleston, 13,390 (2008 estimate: 12,427)
Teays Valley, 12,704 (2008 estimate: N / A)
Bluefield, 11,451 (2008 estimate: 11,093)
St. Albans, 11,567 (2008 estimate: 10,996)
Vienna, 10 861 (2008 estimate: 10.536)
Cross Lanes, 10,353 (2008 estimate: N / A)
Villages and small towns
Barboursville
Berkeley Springs
Bridgeport
Bruceton Mills
Buckhannon
Charles Town
Darkesville
Dunbar
Elkins
Falling Waters
Fayetteville
Farmington
Segui
Fort Gay
Grafton
Hamlin
Harpers Ferry
Hedgesville
Hinton
Inwood
Kenova
Keyser
Kingwood
Lewisburg
Logan
Madison
Mannington
Marlinton
Milton
Moorefield
Moundsville
Mount Hope
Mullens
New Martinsville
Nitre
Oak Hill
Paden City
Paw Paw
Petersburg
Philip
Pleasant Valley
Point Pleasant
Princeton
Ranson
Ravenswood
Richwood
Ripley
Romney
Salem
Shepherdstown
Shinnston
Summersville
Wayne
Webster Springs
Welch
Wellsburg
Weirton
Weston
Westover
White Sulphur Springs
Williamson
Williamstown
Metropolitan Statistical Areas
Charleston, WV MSA
Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH MSA
Morgantown, WV MSA
Parkersburg-Marietta-Vienna, WV-OH MSA
Weirton-Steubenville, WV-OH MSA
Wheeling, WV-OH MSA
Cumberland, MD-WV MSA
Hagerstown-Martinez, MD-WV MSA
Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV MSA
Winchester, VA-WV MSA
Micropolitan Statistical Areas
Beckley, WV Micropolitan Statistical Area (MSA)
Bluefield, WV-VA MSA
Clarksburg, WV MSA
Fairmont, WV MSA
Oak Hill, WV MSA
Point Pleasant, WV-OH MSA
Education
Main article: Education in West Virginia
Fairmont
Martinsburg
West Virginia has received low reading scores and math for eighth-grade level and ranked 51 in college education rates.
Colleges and universities
Further information: List of colleges and universities in West Virginia
Alderson-Broaddus College
Appalachian Bible College
Bethany College
Bluefield State College
Concordia University
Davis and Elkins College
Fairmont State University
Glenville State College
Kanawha Valley Community and Technical College
Marshall University
Mountain State University
Ohio Valley University
Salem International University
Shepherd University
University of Charleston
West Liberty University
West Virginia Northern Community College
West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine
West Virginia State University
University West Virginia
Potomac State College of West Virginia University
West Virginia University Institute of Technology
West Virginia University Parkersburg
West Virginia Wesleyan College
Wheeling Jesuit University
Southern West Virginia Community and Technical College
Awards
West Virginia state insignia
Slogan
Montani Semper Liberi (Latin, "Mountaineers are always free)
Slogan
"Wild and Wonderful"
"Open for Business" (old)
"Almost Heaven" (old)
Birds
Northern Cardinal
(Cardinalis cardinalis)
Animals
Black Bear
(Ursus americanus)
Fish
Brook Trout
(Salvelinus fontinalis)
Insects
European honey bee
(Apis mellifera)
Flor
Rhododendron
(Rhododendron maximum)
Tree
Maple sugar
(Acer saccharum)
Song
"The West Virginia Hills "
"This is My West Virginia"
"West Virginia, My Home Sweet Home"
Quarter
Released in 2005
Butterfly
Monarch Butterfly
(Danaus plexippus)
Reptile
Timber Rattlesnake
(Crotalus horridus)
Wildflower
Fringed gentian
(Gentiana crinita)
Colors
Old Gold and Blue
Gemstone
Mississippi silicified coral fossils
(Lithostrotionella)
Rock
Coal
Soil
Monongahela silt loam
Fruits
Golden Delicious Apple
(Malus domestica)
The state has a rich beauty lush temperate reflecting its topography. Tourist sites include the New River Gorge Bridge, Harpers Ferry National Historical Park and many state parks. The Greenbrier Hotel and complex, originally built in 1778, has been considered a first class hotel frequented by numerous world leaders and U.S. Presidents in recent years. West Virginia is also home to the Green Bank Telescope at the National Radio Astronomy Observatory.
A common story told of West Virginia is the folktale about how he got the nickname "West, By God, Virginia." According to legend, a native of West Virginia, which was included in the U.S. Army during World War (some versions make it as early as the Spanish-American War), was asked repeatedly by his induction officer, "What part of Virginia? "And the soldier, finally fed up with the confusion, said:" Not Virginia! West Virginia! West, by God, Virginia! ". This story, whether true or not, has entered American folklore, and it is not unusual to hear not only West Virginia themselves, but many other Americans, refer to the state as "West, By God, Virginia", or often as "West" By God "or sometimes simply as" Al-God. " Many residents of West Virginia when traveling out of state or abroad, enjoying a tribute to the legend, referring to his home state this way.
Culture
See also: Category: West Virginia culture
Music
Main article: Music of West Virginia
Appalachian music
West Virginia heritage of popular is a part of Appalachian folk music tradition, and includes styles of fiddling, singing ballads and other styles that are based on Scottish and Irish music. Camp Washington Carver, a Mountain Cultural Arts Center located at Clifftop in Fayette County, home to a string of annual Appalachian Festival of Bands. Capitol Complex Charleston hosts The Vandalia Gathering, where traditional Appalachian musicians compete in contests and play in impromptu jam sessions and evening concerts during the weekend. Augusta Heritage Center sponsored by Davis & Elkins College in Elkins in Randolph County produces the annual Heritage Festival in Augusta, including a week intensive workshops in the summer are helping to preserve the heritage of Appalachia, and traditions.
Classical music
Symphony Orchestra West Virginia was founded in 1939 as the Charleston Civic Orchestra, before becoming the Charleston Symphony Orchestra in 1943. The first director was William R. Wiant, followed by the prominent director Antonio Modarelli, who was writing in the Journal November 7, 1949 The time of the composition of the saga of Rio, a piece of the program of six sections Kanawha River on November according to the Charleston Gazette in June, 1999 photo essay, "Images of the 20th century." Before coming to Charleston, Modarelli had conducted the Wheeling Symphony Orchestra and the Philadelphia Orchestra, under the orchestra's website.
Pulitzer Prize-winning composer of the 20th century George Crumb was born in Charleston and graduated not before moving out of state. We also have a series of concerts performed in operatic style mid Wheeling century as well.
musical innovation
The West Virginia Cultural Center in Charleston is home to the West Virginia Division of Culture and History that helps fund and coordinate a large number of musical activities. The Center is also home to Mountain Stage, the live performance at the international level radio music program was established in 1983. The program also travels to other places in the state and West Virginia University Creative Arts Center in Morgantown.
The Center hosts concerts sponsored by the Friends of Old Time Music and Dance, which brings together a selection of acoustic roots music of West Virginia. The Center also houses the New York Dance Festival, featuring classical and modern dance.
Huntington Theatre's historic Keith-Albee was built by brothers AB and Hyman SJ, was inaugurated on May 7, 1928, and hosts a variety of performing arts and musical attractions. The theater was eventually gifted to the University Marshall and is currently under renovation to restore its original splendor.
All summer Elkins hosts the Festival of the estate of Augusta, which gathers musicians popular worldwide. The town of Glenville has long been home to the annual West Virginia State Folk Festival.
The Mountaineer Opera House in Milton home to a variety of musical acts.
John Denver song "Take Me Home, Country Roads", describes the experience of driving through Virginia West. The Boston, Massachusetts band Big Wreck wrote a song called "New York".
The Daily Mail Kanawha County Majorette and Festival band is the longest in West Virginia running music festival. It is for the eight public high schools in Kanawha County. The festival began in 1947. It takes place at the University of Charleston Stadium at Laidley Field in downtown Charleston. About the Author

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